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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 85(supl.1): S16-S22, set. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138644

ABSTRACT

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado un estancamiento mundial en la atención y resolución de todas las patologías graves y crónicas, debido al colapso de los sistemas de salud, a la dificultad de consulta, dada por la disminución de movilidad de las personas, por las cuarentenas establecidas y también por el temor de los pacientes al contagio en los centros de salud. Los enfermos oncológicos han visto canceladas sus atenciones, suspendidos o postergado sus tratamientos y diferidas sus cirugías. Esto no ha sido ajeno a las pacientes con cáncer de mama. En el presente trabajo, se reporta la experiencia de una Unidad de Patología Mamaria de un hospital público de Santiago de Chile y de las acciones realizadas para mantener la continuidad de atención en una comuna con una alta tasa de infección por SARS-CoV-2.


The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a global stagnation in the care and medical treatment of serious and chronic illnesses due to the collapse of the health systems, the difficulty of consulting due to decreased mobility caused by forced quarantines and also because of the fear of infection when attending a health center. Cancer patients have had their medical appointments canceled, their treatments suspended or postponed, and their surgeries delayed. Breast cancer patients have not been the exception. We report the experience of a Breast Pathology Unit of a public hospital in Santiago of Chile, and the actions carried out to maintain continuity of care in a community with a high infection rate of SARS-CoV-2.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Continuity of Patient Care/organization & administration , Medical Oncology/methods , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital , Chile , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , Long-Term Care/methods , Telemedicine , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Betacoronavirus
2.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(3): 825-829, May.-Jun. 2019.
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1013558

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the experience in the implementation of the Humanitude Care Methodology (MCH) in the humanization of care for the elderly. Methodology: This is an experience report about the implementation of the MCH, in a Health Service in Portugal, with capacity for 30 elderly people, most of them having cognitive alterations. Results: The implementation of the MCH has shown positive results in the humanization of care for the elderly, namely in the reduction of agitation behaviors and better acceptance of care. There was a change in organizational culture, more focused on the person and on the humanization of care. Conclusion: The results reflect the need to introduce innovative care methodologies in the training of health professionals, with a focus on interaction, for a professionalized relational care that dignifies the person cared for and the care giver.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de los profesionales de salud en la implementación de la Metodología de Cuidado Humanitude (MCH) con personas mayores. Método: Se trata de un relato de experiencia sobre la aplicación de la MCH en un servicio de salud en Portugal, con capacidad para 30 personas ancianas, la mayoría con alteraciones cognitivas. Resultados: La implementación de la MCH demostró resultados positivos en la humanización de la asistencia a los ancianos, en particular en la reducción de los comportamientos de agitación y mejor aceptación del cuidado. Se verificó un cambio en la cultura organizacional, más enfocada en la persona y en la humanización de la asistencia. Conclusión: Los resultados apuntan la necesidad de introducir metodologías de cuidado innovadoras en la formación de los profesionales de salud, con enfoque en la interacción, para un cuidado relacional profesionalizado que dignifique a la persona cuidada y a los cuidadores.


RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar a experiência vivida durante a implementação da Metodologia de Cuidado Humanitude na humanização da assistência a idosos. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a implementação da Metodologia de Cuidado Humanitude em um Serviço de Saúde, em Portugal, com lotação para 30 idosos, tendo a maioria alterações cognitivas. Resultados: A implementação da Metodologia de Cuidado Humanitude demonstrou resultados positivos na humanização da assistência aos idosos, nomeadamente na redução dos comportamentos de agitação e melhor aceitação do cuidado. Verificou-se mudança na cultura organizacional, mais focada na pessoa e na humanização da assistência. Conclusão: Os resultados refletem a necessidade de introduzir metodologias de cuidado inovadoras na formação dos profissionais de saúde, com foco na interação, para um cuidado relacional profissionalizado que dignifique a pessoa cuidada e quem cuida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/standards , Geriatrics/standards , Humanism , Organizational Culture , Long-Term Care/methods , Long-Term Care/standards , Patient-Centered Care/methods , Patient-Centered Care/standards , Delivery of Health Care/methods , Geriatrics/methods
3.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 71(supl.2): 912-919, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-898578

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze Brazilian scientific productions from the last 11 years which show the contributions of nursing to elderly people in long-term care facilities. Method: This is an integrative literature review. The search took place in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) in the BDENF and LILACS databases and the SCIELO virtual library, between June and October 2016, using the keyword long-term care facility and the descriptors nursing and geriatrics. Results: Eleven studies were selected, published 2005 and 2016, with various methodological approaches that enabled discussion of the proposed objective. Conclusion: The contributions of nursing to institutionalized elderly people were linked to health promotion measures, as well as simple interventions, such as listening, interacting, offering recreation and helping in psychoaffective relationships. These activities contributed to raising the self-esteem of the individuals.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar producciones científicas brasileñas de los últimos once años que demuestran las contribuciones de enfermería a los ancianos en hogares para ancianos. Método: Revisión integrativa de literatura. Búsqueda realizada en Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BVS), en las bases BDENF, LILACS y en la biblioteca virtual SCIELO, entre junio y octubre de 2016, utilizando las palabras clave Hogares para Ancianos y los descriptores enfermería y geriatría. Resultados: Fueron seleccionados 11 estudios publicados entre 2005 y 2016, con diversos abordajes metodológicos que permitieron discutir el objetivo propuesto. Conclusión: Las contribuciones de Enfermería al anciano institucionalizado están sujetas a las medidas de promoción de salud, así como a las intervenciones simples, como oír, interactuar, ofrecer entretenimiento y ayudar en las relaciones psicoafectivas, siendo que dichas conductas permiten el aumento de la autoestima del individuo.


RESUMO Objetivo: analisar produções científicas brasileiras dos últimos onze anos que demonstram as contribuições da Enfermagem aos idosos em instituições de longa permanência. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. A busca ocorreu na biblioteca virtual da saúde (BVS), nas bases BDENF, LILACS e na biblioteca virtual SCIELO, entre junho e outubro de 2016, utilizando-se as palavras-chave Instituição de Longa Permanência e os descritores enfermagem e geriatria. Resultados: foram selecionados 11 estudos publicados entre 2005 e 2016, com diversas abordagens metodológicas que permitiram a discussão do objetivo proposto. Conclusão: as contribuições da enfermagem ao idoso institucionalizado encontram-se atreladas às medidas de promoção à saúde, bem como às intervenções simples, como ouvir, interagir, ofertar entretenimento e ajudar nas relações psicoafetivas, sendo que essas condutas contribuem para o aumento da autoestima do indivíduo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Long-Term Care/trends , Geriatrics/methods , Brazil , Long-Term Care/methods , Geriatrics/trends , Health Promotion/methods , Health Promotion/standards
4.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 70(4): 719-725, Jul.-Aug. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-898197

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the occurrence of falls in institutionalized elderly addressing the risks, consequences and antecedents. Method: Cross-sectional study carried out with 45 older adults in Long-Term Care Facilities for the Older adult in João Pessoa, Brazil, in June and July 2016. A socio-demographic questionnaire and the Berg Balance Scale were applied, classifying as risk of fall scores lower than 45. Descriptive statistics and tests were conducted: independent t-test, Anova (Tukey), Chi-square, Mann Whitney. Statistically significance was p <0.05. Data were processed in SPSS version 19.0. Results: A total of 66.7% (30) falls occurred, 20% (9) of them in the external area, with 66.7% (30) of the participants having hypertension as a previous disease and, as consequence, the fracture was highlighted with 11.2% (5). The Berg Scale had different scores when compared to the falls suffered by the elderly and previous diseases influenced the occurrence of falls (p <0.05). Conclusion: It is necessary to implement public financing policies or partnerships that allow environments adaptations aiming at reducing the risks of falls.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los riesgos, consecuencias y antecedentes de caídas en personas mayores institucionalizadas. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado entre 45 personas mayores e internadas en Instituciones de Cuidado a Largo Plazo en João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, entre junio y julio de 2016. Se aplicó el cuestionario sociodemográfico y la Escala de Equilibrio de Berg clasificando el riesgo de caídas cuando la puntuación era inferior a 45. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y las pruebas: t de Student independiente, Anova (Tukey), distribución de Pearson (Ji-Cuadrado), Mann Whitney y se consideró significativamente estadístico p < 0,05. Se procesó en el SPSS versión 19.0. Resultados: Las caídas ocurrieron en el 66,7% de las personas mayores (30), el 20% (9) en el área externa y el 66,7% (30) con enfermedad previa de hipertensión; cabe resaltar fracturas en el 11,2% (5). La Escala de Berg evaluó puntuaciones diferentes (p < 0,05) al comparar las caídas sufridas por las personas mayores resaltando que las enfermedades previas influenciaron el suceso de caídas (p < 0,05). Conclusión: Es necesario implantar políticas públicas de financiación o crear asociaciones que posibiliten la adaptación de los diversos ambientes con el objetivo de reducir los riesgos de caídas.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência de quedas em idosos institucionalizados quanto aos riscos, consequências e antecedentes. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com 45 idosos em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos em João Pessoa/PB, Brasil, em junho e julho de 2016. Aplicou-se questionário sociodemográfico e Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg classificando risco de quedas quando escore inferior a 45. Realizou-se estatística descritiva e testes: t independente, Anova (Tukey), Qui-quadrado, Mann Whitney. Considerado significativamente estatístico p < 0,05 e processados no SPSS versão 19.0. Resultados: As quedas ocorreram em 66,7% (30), sendo 20% (9) na área externa, 66,7% (30) com doença prévia hipertensão e como consequência destacou-se fratura com 11,2% (5). A Escala de Berg avaliou pontuações diferentes (p < 0,05) quando comparadas às quedas sofridas pelos idosos, e as doenças prévias influenciaram ocorrência de quedas (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Necessita-se implementar políticas públicas de financiamento ou parcerias que possibilitem adaptação dos ambientes visando a redução dos riscos de quedas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data , Risk Assessment/methods , Institutionalization/statistics & numerical data , Chi-Square Distribution , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Analysis of Variance , Long-Term Care/methods , Long-Term Care/statistics & numerical data , Statistics, Nonparametric
5.
Salud colect ; 13(2): 337-352, abr.-jun. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-903685

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El cuidado de la enfermedad crónica a todas las edades representa un problema social y de salud pública en aumento. En España, debido a la insuficiente cobertura estatal, cerca del 80% de los cuidados de larga duración los realiza la red social del enfermo. A partir de una investigación etnográfica sobre cronicidad, desarrollada entre 2009 y 2013 en el estado español, este artículo analiza la problemática de los cuidados informales de larga duración sobre la base de las narrativas de adultos de mediana edad con enfermedades crónicas. Los resultados señalan los factores que condicionan, favorecen o limitan el cuidado informal: la situación personal, doméstica y familiar del enfermo; el curso cíclico de la enfermedad crónica; y la respuesta social a la enfermedad. Las limitaciones del modelo de cuidado informal emplazan a escuchar las voces de los afectados para conocer sus necesidades reales y adecuar los planes y programas de atención a la cronicidad.


ABSTRACT Caring for chronic illnesses at all ages represents a growing social and public health problem. Due to insufficient public coverage in Spain, around 80% of long-term care is provided by the sick person's social network. Based in ethnographic research on chronicity carried out between 2009 and 2013 in Spain, this article analyzes the problem of long-term informal care for middle-aged adults with chronic diseases. The results highlight the factors that condition, enhance or limit informal care: the personal, domestic and family situation of the sick person; the cyclical course of chronic diseases; and the social response to illness. The limitations of the informal care model suggest the need to listen to the voices of those affected in order to understand their real needs and adapt official programs oriented towards chronicity accordingly.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Chronic Disease/therapy , Long-Term Care/methods , Self Care , Social Support , Spain , Attitude to Health , Chronic Disease/psychology , Interviews as Topic , Caregivers , Long-Term Care/psychology , Needs Assessment , Anthropology, Medical , Health Policy , Anthropology, Cultural
6.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 21(11): 3597-3610, Nov. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-828493

ABSTRACT

Resumo Como a demanda por instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPIs) está aumentando, torna-se relevante para os sistemas de saúde pública discutir o processo de avaliação das condições de saúde dos seus residentes. O presente estudo objetivou identificar instrumentos de medida construídos especificamente para o gerenciamento e o cuidado de residentes idosos, em instituições de longa permanência. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática segundo as recomendações PRISMA, nos bancos de dados Medline e CINAHL, desde a sua criação até maio de 2013, utilizando termos da Medical Subject Headings adequados para a busca. Foram encontrados 1858 artigos e selecionados 30, sendo identificados 28 instrumentos nesses estudos. Os EUA foram o país que mais construiu instrumentos voltados a essa população e o Minimum Data Set/Resident Assessment Instrument (MDS/RAI) foi o mais utilizado nos estudos da presente revisão. As variáveis mais frequentemente avaliadas pelos instrumentos foram a depressão, a cognição e a capacidade funcional. Torna-se urgente a reformulação de políticas públicas que garantam um sistema de avaliação padronizado dos residentes de ILPIs no Brasil, sendo um desafio fazer com que os instrumentos desenvolvidos consigam se difundir e se efetivar no cotidiano dos profissionais dessas instituições.


Abstract The demand for long-stay care institutions for the elderly (ILPIs) is increasing and it is relevant for public health systems to discuss the process of assessing the health status of its residents. The study aimed to identify measurement tools built specifically for the management and care of elderly residents in long-stay care facilities. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA recommendations in Medline and CINAHL databases since their creation to May 2013 using the Medical Subject Headings terms suitable for the search. A total of 1858 articles were located, of which 30 were selected and 28 instruments were identified in the studies. The United States was the country that created most instruments geared to this population and the Minimum Data Set/Resident Assessment Instrument (MDS/RAI) was the one most used in the studies of this review. The variables most frequently evaluated by the instruments were depression, cognition and functional capacity. The reformulation of public policies that ensure a standardized assessment system for residents in ILPIs in Brazil is urgently needed and the challenge is to ensure that the instruments developed are disseminated and effectively implemented in the daily tasks of the professionals working in these institutions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Long-Term Care/methods , United States , Brazil , Health Status , Homes for the Aged , Nursing Homes
7.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 21(11): 3367-3375, Nov. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-828494

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este trabalho objetivou determinar a autopercepção da saúde em idosos institucionalizados, assim como verificar a prevalência de percepção negativa da saúde e seus fatores associados. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado em 10 instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI) da cidade de Natal, entre outubro e dezembro de 2013. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, relacionadas à ILPI e às condições de saúde. Realizou-se a análise descritiva, bivariada mediante os testes qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado de tendência linear, assim como multivariado mediante regressão logística. A amostra foi de 127 idosos. A prevalência de autopercepção negativa da saúde foi de 63,19% (IC 95%: 55,07-70,63), e esteve associada à perda de peso (RP: 1,54; IC 95%: 1,19-1,99), doença reumática (RP: 1,46; IC 95%: 1,05-2,01) e ILPI sem fins lucrativos (RP: 1,37; IC 95%: 1,03-1,83), ajustado por sexo. É fundamental desenvolver ações de promoção da saúde nas ILPI, como aquelas baseadas na nutrição e fisioterapia que atuem sobre esses agravos à saúde, com vistas a melhorar a qualidade de vida.


Abstract This study aimed to verify health self-perception, its prevalence and associated factors in institutionalized elderly. A cross-sectional study is presented herein, conducted in 10 Long-Term care Institutions for the Elderly (LTIE) in the city of Natal (Northeast Brazil), between October and December 2013. Sociodemographic variables were analyzed, along with institution-related and health state variables. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out (Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test or linear trend Chi-squared test), as well as multivariate analysis (logistic regression). The final sample consisted of 127 elderly. The prevalence of negative self-perceived health was 63.19% (CI 95%: 55.07-70.63), and was associated with weight loss (PR: 1.54; CI 95%: 1.19-1.99), rheumatic disease (PR: 1.46; CI 95%: 1.05-2.01) and not-for-profit LTIE (PR: 1.37; CI 95%: 1.03-1.83), adjusted by sex. More than half of the elderly reported negative self-perceived health, which was associated with weight loss, rheumatic disease and type of institution. Actions must be developed to promote better health conditions in LTIE, such as nutrition consulting and physical therapy, to improve quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Quality of Life , Health Status , Long-Term Care/methods , Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Weight Loss , Logistic Models , Rheumatic Diseases/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Homes for the Aged , Institutionalization , Nursing Homes
8.
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing ; : 398-406, 2014.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-150513

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate (PACSLAC-K) in assessing pain of elders with dementia living in long-term care facilities. METHODS: The PACSLAC-K was developed through forward-backward translation techniques. Survey data were collected from 307 elders with dementia living in 5 long-term care facilities in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Spearman's rho, paired t-test, ROC (receiver operation characteristic) curve with the SPSS/WIN (20.0) program. RESULTS: The PACSLAC-K showed high internal consistency (.90), inter-rater reliability (.86), intra-rater reliability (.93), and high concurrent validity (.74) in paired t-test with PAINAD. Discriminant validity also showed a significant difference compared with no pain. The PACSLAC-K showed a sensitivity of .93, specificity of .88, and Area Under the Curve of .95 in the ROC curve. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrate that PACSLAC-K is useful in assessing pain for elders with dementia living in long-term care facilities.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Area Under Curve , Checklist , Dementia/physiopathology , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Long-Term Care/methods , Pain Measurement , Surveys and Questionnaires , ROC Curve , Republic of Korea
9.
Rev. Hosp. Matern. Infant. Ramon Sarda ; 30(4): 151-155, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-647239

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar factores asociados a la deserción del programa de seguimiento de recién nacidos prematuros menores de 1500 g al año y dos años de edad corregida. Material y método: Trabajo descriptivo, prospectivo y analítico. Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos menores de 1500 g egresados de la unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal, nacidos entre el 01/01/2004 al 31/12/2006. Se excluyeron: niños con malformaciones congénitas mayores, infecciones intrauterinas confirmadas, derivados por patología quirúrgica, o domiciliados a más de 100 km de distancia. Se definió deserción al año de vida cuando no se cumplieron cuatro controles y a los dos años cuando no se cumplieron dos controles entre los doce y veinticuatro meses de vida. Resultados: De 207 prematuros, al año concurrieron 165 (79,5 por ciento) y desertaron 42 (20,5 por ciento), a los 2 años concurrieron 124 (75,2 por ciento) y desertaron 42 (25,4 por ciento). Los factores estadísticamente significativos al año de vida fueron: gemelaridad (p= 0,03) y familias monoparentales (p= 0,05). Conclusiones: Es necesario recrear estrategias para mejorar la adherencia de las familias de grupos vulnerables al programa de seguimiento por la implicancia que tiene ésta en el neurodesarrollo, la salud y educación a futuro.


Objectives: To identify factors related to patients withdrawing from a VLBW (=1500 g) preterm’s follow up program. Methods and subjects: very low birth weight (less or equal to 1500 g) preterm babies born between 01/01/2004 to 31/12/2006. Those with major congenital malformations, intrauterine infections or requiring surgical interventions or living more than 100 km from the hospital were excluded. Failure to show up 50 per cent of the citations or more during the first year of corrected age, and between 12 to 24 months of corrected age was considered a withdrawing patient. Factors studied were: gestational age, birth weight, days staying in NICU, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, preterm rethinopathy, intracranial hemorrhage (grade = 3), nationality, living zone, mother´s years of schooling, family type (double parent or single parent), number of children (= 4), job, health insurance, type of pregnancy (single vs. multiple) and non-satisfied basic needs. Results: 42 (20.5 per cent) of 207 preterm babies withdrew during the first year of corrected age, and 42 (25.4 per cent) between 12 to 24 months of corrected age of 165 babies attending during the first year. Factors statistically significant related to withdrawal were: twin birth (p<0.03) and single-parent family type p<0.05). Conclusions: Strategies to help families with preterm babies to attend to follow up programs are needed since these are paramount for the preterm’s health, neurodevelopment, and learning skills in the future.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Infant, Premature , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Patient Dropouts , Long-Term Care/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Morbidity , Socioeconomic Factors
10.
Indian J Pediatr ; 1997 Nov-Dec; 64(6 Suppl): 57-61
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-78841

ABSTRACT

Spina bifida is the most common central nervous system birth defect encountered by the pediatric neurosurgeon. It is defined by characteristic development abnormalities of the vertebrae and spinal cord and associated changes in the cerebrum, brainstem and peripheral nerves. The expression of spina bifida encompasses the entire central nervous system, ranging in severity from merely an absent spinous process with normal intraspinal structures to the other extreme of myelomeningocoele, Chiari malformation, hydrocephalus, and cortical cytoarchitectural changes. Most children with myelomeningocoele have some degree of weakness of their lower extremities and many have significant orthopaedic problems. As a result of denervation, muscle imbalance ensues and can result in abnormalities at the hip, knee and foot. Anesthesia of various portions of the skin can lead to pressure sores, particularly later in life. Anorectal neuropathy may cause a variety of defecatory dysfunctions. Urologic abnormalities are also common. These multisystem abnormalities associated with spina bifida contribute to its widely accepted identity as the most complex development defect compatible with long life.


Subject(s)
Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Long-Term Care/methods , Longevity , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Spinal Dysraphism/classification , Treatment Outcome
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